European railway deregulation: an overview of market organization and capacity allocation

European railways have been reorganized to allow for market competition. Thus, train services vertically separated from infrastructure management which allows several operators compete. Different ways emerged vertical separation, capacity allocation and track access charges. This paper reviews important deregulation aspects a number of countries. The study compares how competition has introduced regulated with focus on describing Although guided by the same legislation, we conclude that studied different outcomes, e.g. organization, allocation. Besides, few countries so far managed efficient transparent allowed market-based is absent or never used. To foster more can yield substantial social benefits, survey indicates most still need develop experiment procedures.